If you’ve ever looked at a Persian cat, you’ve probably noticed their incredibly flat, smooshed-looking face—almost like they walked into a wall. This unique feature is one of the most defining characteristics of the breed. But have you ever stopped to wonder: Were Persian cats bred to have smooshed faces, or is it something that just happened over time? This article will walk you through the history, evolution, and purposeful breeding behind the Persian cat’s squished face. We’ll dive into genetics, ethical concerns, and how their facial structure affects their lives.
Let’s unravel the truth about this fluffy, flat-faced feline.
Persian Cats Did Not Originally Have Smooshed Faces in Ancient Times
The original Persian cats, believed to date back to the 1600s, looked significantly different from the Persian cats we know today. They were elegant, long-haired cats with normal, proportioned faces, often compared to other long-haired breeds like the Turkish Angora.
There are ancient drawings and written records that describe these cats as graceful and regal, but none of them suggest the extreme flatness we now associate with modern Persians. These early Persian cats had sloped noses and wider muzzles, making them more functional in terms of breathing and eating.
So when people ask, “Were Persian cats bred to have smooshed faces from the start?” the short answer is no. That characteristic is a result of selective breeding that came much later.
Modern Breeding Practices Began to Prioritize Flatter Faces in the 1950s
The smooshed face didn’t become a standard trait of the Persian breed until the mid-20th century, particularly in the 1950s and 60s, when breeders started favoring what’s called the peke-faced Persian. The term “peke-faced” comes from the resemblance to the Pekingese dog, which also has a flat face.
These breeders began selectively pairing cats that exhibited flatter facial structures. Over time, the cats with the flattest faces were the most sought after, especially in cat shows. This led to the more extreme look we see today.
It wasn’t that Persian cats naturally evolved this way—it was a deliberate shift toward a more “fashionable” feline. The flat face became a standard of beauty, though not necessarily of health.
Genetic Mutations Were Exploited to Enhance the Flatter, Pushed-In Facial Look
What allowed breeders to create such smooshed-faced cats in the first place? It turns out there was a natural genetic mutation responsible for a slightly shorter nose and more compact face.
Instead of viewing this mutation as a defect, some breeders saw it as an opportunity to create a signature look. By breeding cats that had this mutation with each other, they were able to amplify it through generations.
The result? A breed that now often has a severely shortened skull, which gives the face its squished, flat appearance. This type of breeding, known as brachycephaly, isn’t exclusive to Persian cats—other breeds like Pugs and Bulldogs have gone through similar changes.
The Flatter Face Was Eventually Standardized by Cat Breed Organizations Worldwide
Over time, major cat associations like the Cat Fanciers’ Association (CFA) and the International Cat Association (TICA) began to formalize what a “standard” Persian cat should look like.
These standards began to favor more extreme features, including the flat face, tiny nose, and wide-set eyes. As a result, breeders around the world started aligning their practices with these official guidelines.
This pushed the breed even further into unnatural territory, making the smooshed face not just a feature, but a requirement. Today, if you want your Persian cat to compete in shows, it usually has to meet these aesthetic benchmarks.
Ethical Concerns Surround the Health Problems Caused by Smooshed Persian Cat Faces
Here’s the controversial part: that cute smooshed face may look adorable, but it often comes at a significant health cost. The shortened skull and nose can lead to serious breathing issues, a condition known as brachycephalic airway syndrome.
In addition, Persian cats with extremely flat faces can suffer from dental misalignment, tear duct problems, eye ulcers, and even difficulty eating. These are not minor inconveniences—they’re chronic health conditions that affect quality of life.
Some vets and animal welfare groups argue that breeding cats to have such extreme features is unethical, especially when it causes lifelong suffering. They believe we should be prioritizing the animal’s health over appearance.
Not All Persian Cats Have the Same Level of Facial Flatness or Health Issues
Interestingly, not all Persian cats have faces that are equally smooshed. There are different “types” within the breed, ranging from traditional to ultra-typed.
The traditional Persian, also called the “doll-faced Persian,” retains more of the original facial structure, with a longer nose and fewer health problems. These cats are often favored by people who love the Persian’s luxurious coat but want to avoid the associated health issues.
On the other end of the spectrum are show Persians, bred to meet the highest standards of flatness. These are the cats most likely to suffer from complications and require regular vet visits. So, if you’re thinking about getting a Persian, it’s essential to understand this internal breed diversity.
Many Cat Lovers Prefer Traditional Persian Cats for Their Health and Natural Appearance
While show Persians dominate the spotlight, there’s a growing movement of cat lovers who prefer the doll-faced variety. These cats not only look closer to the original Persian cats, but they also tend to be healthier and easier to care for.
Breeders who focus on traditional Persians aim to preserve the natural features of the breed. They believe that a long, beautiful coat and sweet temperament should be enough, without pushing facial traits to the extreme.
It’s becoming more common to see families and individual owners opting for the more functional, less extreme version of the breed, prioritizing health over aesthetics.
Veterinary Experts Warn Against Breeding for Extreme Facial Features in Persian Cats
Veterinarians across the globe have started to raise red flags about the intentional breeding of flat-faced animals, including Persian cats. They argue that the extreme look has no medical benefit and often leads to chronic health problems.
Many professional vet associations have published papers and statements urging breeders and pet owners to consider the long-term welfare of these animals. They recommend breeding toward a more natural, moderate appearance.
In countries like the UK, there are even discussions about banning or restricting the breeding of extremely brachycephalic pets, and Persian cats are often part of this conversation.
Breeding Practices Are Shifting to Focus More on Health and Less on Facial Appearance
Thankfully, there seems to be a shift happening within the cat breeding community. Some responsible breeders are starting to move away from the ultra-flat face standard and are focusing on improving the overall health and longevity of their cats.
These breeders often choose to work with the doll-faced Persians or create hybrids that strike a balance between beauty and health. Their goal is to offer cats that still have the Persian charm but without the debilitating side effects.
This shift is slowly gaining traction, especially among newer generations of pet owners who are more informed and health-conscious.
Conclusion: Persian Cats Were Bred to Have Smooshed Faces, But Change Is Possible
So, were Persian cats bred to have smooshed faces? Yes—but not at first. The smooshed face is a man-made feature, brought about by decades of selective breeding focused on aesthetics rather than health. While the look may be striking, it’s often paired with lifelong health complications.
However, there’s hope. As more people become aware of the issues, and as ethical breeding becomes more mainstream, we may begin to see a return to the healthier, more natural Persian cat—one with beauty and breathability.
If you’re considering adopting or buying a Persian cat, be sure to do your research. Look for breeders who prioritize health, and don’t be afraid to choose a doll-faced beauty over a show-ring star.
Let’s make the future fluffier—and healthier—for all Persian cats.